What is the primary function of the Sea Sparrow missile?

The primary function of the Sea Sparrow missile is to serve as a surface-to-air missile system designed for defense against incoming anti-ship missiles and aircraft. It utilizes a semi-active homing guidance system that allows it to effectively target and intercept aerial threats. Sea Sparrow missiles enhance the capabilities of naval vessels to protect themselves and their formations from airborne attacks, making them a critical component of naval air defense strategies.

By focusing on air threats, such as enemy aircraft and missile systems, the Sea Sparrow plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall security of naval assets on the battlefield. Its deployment contributes significantly to the maritime operational environment, ensuring that ships can operate with a reduced risk of aerial engagement. This distinction is why "surface-to-air" is recognized as the correct answer.